Learn how to make conditionals
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Dana: Hi everyone, and welcome back to UrduPod101.com. This is Intermediate Season 1 Lesson 4 - Making Way for Progress in Pakistan. Dana here. |
| Hamza: السلام علیکم, I'm Hamza. |
| Dana: In this lesson, you'll learn about making conditionals. The conversation takes place in a cafe. |
| Hamza: It's between Umer and Ali. |
| Dana: The speakers are friends; therefore, they will speak formal Urdu. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| عمر: میں نے سنا ہے وہ یہاں ایک ہائی وے تعمیر کر رہے ہیں . |
| علی: جی ہاں اس کے بارے میں کافی بحث ہو رہی ہے. اس علاقے کے رہائشی، خاص طور پر اپارٹمنٹس میں رہنے والے ، وہ اس کے حق میں نہیں ہیں کیونکہ وه شور کی آلودگی کی تکلیف کی وجہ سے خوف زده ہیں. |
| عمر: واقعی؟ لیکن فلائی اوور شہر میں ضرورت سے زیادہ ٹریفک کی بھیڑ سے بچنے میں سب کی مدد کرے گا. |
| علی: بالکل. اس شہر میں سڑکوں کی حالت بہت خراب ہو گئی ہے. اس کے علاوہ، آبادی میں اضافے کے ساتھ ساتھ، گاڑیوں کا استعمال بھی عروج پر ہے. |
| عمر: یہ مسئلہ بہت پہلے حل کرنا چاہئے تها. |
| علی: شہر سے گزرنے کے لئے، ہر روز ٹریفک جام میں 3-2 گھنٹے گزارنا ناگزیر بن گیا ہے! اگر کچھ ہائی وے تعمیر کر دیے جائیں تو کچھ بہتری آ جائے گی. |
| عمر: بالکل. لیکن اگر وہ اپارٹمنٹ کے احاطے کے اتنا قریب بنا دیں گے، پھر رہائشیوں کو بلا شبہ مسائل ہوں گے. ان کا نقطہ نظر بھی درست ہے. |
| علی: لیکن اگر تمام فلائی اوور کے منصوبوں میں ایسی رکاوٹیں ہوں گی تو، پھر وہ کبھی نہیں بنیں گے. |
| عمر: یہ بھی درست ہے. ویسے، لوگ فلائی اوورز کے مخالف نہیں ہیں. اگر ان لوگوں کے مسائل کو خاطر خواه لاتے ہوئے ان کو تهوڑا دور کر دیا جائے، تو ہر کوئی اس سے خوش ہو سکتا ہے. |
| علی: جی ہاں یہ بھی سچ ہے. اور ہائی ویز ویسے بھی کافی نہیں ہوں گے. میٹرو، بسوں وغیرہ میں بهی اضافہ کرنا ہو گا. |
| Dana: Listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| Umer: I've heard they're building a highway here. |
| Ali: Yes, there's a lot of debate going on about that. The inhabitants of this area, especially those living in apartments, aren’t on board with this, because they fear being inconvenienced by noise pollution. |
| Umer: Really? But the flyover will help relieve everyone a little from the excessive traffic congestion in the city. |
| Ali: Absolutely. The roads situation has really deteriorated in this city. Moreover, as the population continues to rise, the use of vehicles are also on the rise. |
| Umer: This problem should have been addressed long back. |
| Ali: To get across town, spending 2-3 hours in a traffic jam each day has become unavoidable! If some highways are built, there can be some improvement. |
| Umer: Right. But if they place them too close to the apartment complexes, then the residents will have problems, of course. Their point of view is right too. |
| Ali: But if there are such barriers in all the flyover projects, then they’ll never get made. |
| Umer: That’s also true. Well, the people aren’t opposed to the flyovers themselves. If they get moved a little, accommodating for these people's issues, then everyone can be happy with it. |
| Ali: Yes, that's also true. And highways won't suffice anyway. Metro, buses, etc. have to be expanded too. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Dana: Is the traffic really that bad in Pakistan? |
| Hamza: It can be! Lahore is one of the most populated cities in Pakistan and is well known for its traffic problems. |
| Dana: Are there a lot of traffic jams? |
| Hamza: Yes, and commutes are long due to excessive traffic. |
| Dana: What about the quality of the roads? |
| Hamza: They’re narrow and not of the same quality as the capital, Islamabad. |
| Dana: It sounds like traveling across Lahore by car can be a trying task! |
| Hamza: Yes, it takes a lot of patience! |
| Dana: Do many people commute into Lahore? |
| Hamza: I don’t know if I’d consider it commuting as such, but there are always people from all over the country coming to Lahore. |
| Dana: Do you think the situation will get better in the future? |
| Hamza: No, I don’t. As more people are able to afford cars, it’s just going to get worse. |
| Dana: Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Dana: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Hamza: بحث [natural native speed] |
| Dana: debate |
| Hamza: بحث[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: بحث [natural native speed] |
| Dana: Next we have.. |
| Hamza: شور [natural native speed] |
| Dana: noise |
| Hamza: شور[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: شور [natural native speed] |
| Dana: Next we have.. |
| Hamza: آبادی [natural native speed] |
| Dana: population |
| Hamza: آبادی[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: آبادی [natural native speed] |
| Dana: Next we have.. |
| Hamza: ٹریفک [natural native speed] |
| Dana: traffic |
| Hamza: ٹریفک[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: ٹریفک [natural native speed] |
| Dana: Next we have.. |
| Hamza: نقطہ نظر [natural native speed] |
| Dana: point of view |
| Hamza: نقطہ نظر[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: نقطہ نظر [natural native speed] |
| Dana: Next we have.. |
| Hamza: رکاوٹیں [natural native speed] |
| Dana: barriers |
| Hamza: رکاوٹیں[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: رکاوٹیں [natural native speed] |
| Dana: Next we have.. |
| Hamza: مخالف [natural native speed] |
| Dana: opposite |
| Hamza: مخالف[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: مخالف [natural native speed] |
| Dana: And last.. |
| Hamza: اضافہ کرنا [natural native speed] |
| Dana: increase, expand |
| Hamza: اضافہ کرنا[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: اضافہ کرنا [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Dana: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Hamza: سنا ہے |
| Dana: Meaning "heard." You can use this to talk about things that you’ve heard. |
| Hamza: Usually we mean an announcement. |
| Dana: Or something that we’ve heard from somebody else. |
| Hamza: Suna hai is only used for masculine things. For the feminine things, such as "news,” you use سنی ہے. |
| Dana: Can you give us an example using this word? |
| Hamza: Sure. For example, you can say.. میں نے سنا ہے کل بارش ہو گی. |
| Dana: ..which means “I have heard it's going to rain tomorrow." |
| Dana: Okay, what's the next word? |
| Hamza: اضافہ کرنا |
| Dana: Meaning "to increase, to expand." This is used for both living and nonliving things. |
| Hamza: Yes, so you can say درختوں میں اضافہ کرنا ضروری ہے |
| Dana: "It is necessary to increase the trees.” |
| Hamza: And also اپارٹمنٹ میں اضافہ کیا جا رہا ہے |
| Dana: "The apartment is being expanded.” |
| Hamza: You often hear this word in business circles, when talking about increasing profits. |
| Dana: Can you give us an example using this word? |
| Hamza: Sure. For example, you can say.. ہسپتالوں میں اضافہ کیا جا رہا ہے |
| Dana: .. which means "Hospitals are being increased." |
| Dana: Okay, what's the next word? |
| Hamza: حل کرنا چاہئے |
| Dana: Meaning "should be solved, should be addressed." Can you break this phrase down for us? |
| Hamza: حل (hal) means "solution," and then there is کرنا چاہئے . |
| Dana: This means “should be done.” |
| Hamza: You use this to propose that an issue should be resolved. |
| Dana: It’s used a lot when talking about issues faced by the general public. |
| Hamza: So you often hear it used by politicians. |
| Dana: Can you give us an example using this word? |
| Hamza: Sure. For example, you can say.. ہمیں مسائل کوحل کرنا چاہئے |
| Dana: .. which means "We should address the issues." |
| Dana: Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Dana: In this lesson, you'll learn about making conditionals. Specifically, we mean sentences where we can make predictions about how events will unfold depending on conditions. |
| Hamza: Yes, conditionals are sentences that we use when we are talking about imminent events and when the possibilities of an event happening are known. |
| Dana: This is different from other conditional sentences, as in this case, the possibilities are almost known, and we have a very good idea of how it will turn out. |
| Hamza: These sentences are used a lot in sports, as we can predict sports outcomes depending on the recent performances of the teams or athletes. |
| Dana: So Hamza, how do we make these sentences? |
| Hamza: Typically, they use intransitive verbs. The structure is ہوتا ہے Y ہو گاX |
| Dana: “Should X happen, then Y will happen.” The word “should” isn’t actually in the sentence, but that’s the inferred meaning. The first clause is in the simple present tense, so you have to change the verbs accordingly. |
| Hamza: In the simple present tense, ہوتا ہے means "something happens." To change it to the form "Should x happen," we have to add تو , which means "then." |
| Dana: Let’s hear an example from the dialogue. |
| Hamza: گر کچھ ہائی وے تعمیر کر دیے جائیں تو کچھ بہتری آ جائے گی |
| Dana: "Should a bunch of highways be built only then will there be some improvement." |
| Hamza: In this sentence, the verb is bana, which is an intransitive verb. |
| Dana: It means “to be made.” |
| Hamza: Another example is پیداوار میں اضافہ ہوتا ہے تو |
| Dana: “Should production increase.” The lesson notes have examples of several other intransitive verbs. |
| Hamza: If the action is in the transitive verb form, it is better to switch to the intransitive verb form, producing a pair of transitive-intransitive verbs. |
| Dana: Let’s look at an example of this using the verbs “to build.” |
| Hamza: The transitive verb is بنانا , but it’s best to use بنا , meaning “to get made, to get built.” |
| Dana: Can you use transitive verbs? |
| Hamza: You can, but it’s less common. For example, you might say, "Should I take the train tomorrow” which is میں کل ٹرین پکڑتا ہوں تو . |
| Dana: The second half of the sentence is a lot more flexible, as it depends on how you want to express the result. You just have to make sure that two halves work together. |
| Hamza: Right, when you are speaking in the first or second person, you have to finish the sentence in the simple present tense as well. |
| Dana: Let’s hear some examples. First, a first person example. |
| Hamza: میں کل ٹرین پکڑتا ہوں تو کنونشن چهوڑتا ہوں |
| Dana: "Should I catch the train tomorrow, I miss the convention." Now, a polite example in the second person. |
| Hamza: آپ کل ٹرین پکڑتے ہیں تو، کنونشن چهوڑتے ہیں |
| Dana: "Should you catch the train tomorrow, the convention gets missed." And finally, a more casual example in second person. |
| Hamza: تم کل ٹرین پکڑتے ہو تو، کنونشن چهوڑتے ہو |
| Dana: "Should you catch the train tomorrow, the convention gets missed." |
Outro |
| Dana: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Hamza: !پهر ملیں گے |
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