Learn about constructing complex sentences
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Dana: Hi everyone, and welcome back to UrduPod101.com. This is Intermediate Season 1 Lesson 3 - Make Sure You Don't Get Your Bike Stolen in Pakistan! Dana here. |
| Hamza: السلام علیکم (Assalam u alaikum) I'm Hamza. |
| Dana: In this lesson, you’ll learn about constructing complex sentences. The conversation takes place at a university. |
| Hamza: It's between Ali and Umer; they are listening to a newscaster. |
| Dana: The speakers are acquaintances; therefore, they will speak formal Urdu. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| نیوز کاسٹر: صوبہ پنجاب کے لاہور شہر میں، گاڑی کی چوری کے واقعات عروج پر ہیں. حال ہی میں، ایک چور ایک ڈپلیکیٹ چابی کے ذریعے ایک موٹر سائیکل چوری کرنے اور محض تیس سیکنڈ میں فرار ہونے میں کامیاب ہو گیا. |
| نیوز کاسٹر: چور کی تلاش جاری ہے، تاہم پولیس نے لوگوں کو نصیحت کی ہے کہ اپنی گاڑیوں کے ساتھ بہت احطیاط کریں. |
| علی: کیا ہو رہا ہے ؟ یہ چوریاں کیوں بڑھ رہی ہیں؟ |
| عمر: کوئی اندازہ نہیں ہے، یہ ایک غیر ضروری پریشانی بن گئی ہے. یونیورسٹی میں کئی ایسے واقعات ہو چکے ہیں. |
| علی: واقعی؟ کیا آپ کے کسی جاننے والے کے ساتھ ایسا ہوا ہے؟ |
| عمر: جی ہاں میری کلاس کے ایک لڑکے کی موٹر سائیکل گزشتہ ہفتے چوری ہو گئی تهی. میرے دوست شیام نے مجھے بتایا. |
| علی: کیا یہی وجہ ہےکہ آپ ان دنوں بس کے ذریعے سفر کر رہے ہیں؟ |
| عمر: جی ہاں، میں کچھ دنوں کے لئے اپنی موٹر سائیکل نہیں لے کر جائوں گا. میرے پاس صرف ایک موٹر سائیکل ہے - بغیر وجہ اسے کھونے کا خطره کیوں لیا جائے؟ |
| علی: کتنی دیر تک آپ اسے گھر پر رکھنے کی منصوبہ بندی کرتے ہیں؟ |
| عمر: یہ فیصلہ کرنا مشکل ہے. میں نہیں جانتا کہ یہ جاری رہے گی یا صرف ایک عارضی معاملہ ہے. مجهے یقینی طور پر کم از کم کچھ دیر کے لئے اسے برداشت کرنا پڑے گا. |
| Dana: Listen to the conversation with the English translation |
| News Caster: In Punjab Province's Lahore City, incidents of vehicle theft are on the rise. Recently, one thief managed to steal a motorbike with a duplicate key and escaped in a mere 30 seconds. |
| News Caster: The search for the thief is on; however, the police have advised people to be very careful with their vehicles. |
| Ali: What's going on—why are these thefts on the rise? |
| Umer: No idea, but it's become an unnecessary nuisance. There have been several such incidents at the university. |
| Ali: Really? Has this happened to someone you know? |
| Umer: Yeah, there's a boy in my class whose bike was stolen last week. My friend Shyam told me. |
| Ali: Is that why you’re travelling by bus these days? |
| Umer: Yeah, I'm not going to take my bike for a few days. I just have one bike—why risk losing it unnecessarily? |
| Ali: How long do you plan on keeping it at home? |
| Umer: It's hard to decide. I don't know if this is going to continue or if it’s just a temporary matter. I'll definitely have to tolerate it for a while at least. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Dana: Wow, so there have been a few bike thefts! |
| Hamza: Yeah, seems like it! There have been so many that it made the local news. |
| Dana: What is TV news like in Pakistan? Is there one show that everyone watches? |
| Hamza: Well, TV news in Pakistan can be divided into two categories: regional and national. |
| Dana: Oh, so I guess the regional news focuses on stories important to that region. |
| Hamza: Although that’s true, it’s also because Pakistan has 5 major languages that include Urdu, Punjabi, Pashto, Balochi, and Sindhi. Anyway, national news and newspapers are spoken and written in Urdu. |
| Dana: What about English? |
| Hamza: There are also some national channels that function in English, but these are not accessible to people in parts of the country where they don't speak or learn English. |
| Dana: So Urdu is the most spoken language in Pakistan. Which is the most important broadcaster? |
| Hamza: It’s called پاکستان ٹیلی ویژن نیٹ ورک (پی ٹی وی) |
| Dana: Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Dana: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Hamza: چوری [natural native speed] |
| Dana: theft |
| Hamza: چوری[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: چوری [natural native speed] |
| Dana: Next we have.. |
| Hamza: چور [natural native speed] |
| Dana: thief |
| Hamza: چور[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: چور [natural native speed] |
| Dana: Next we have.. |
| Hamza: بڑھ رہی [natural native speed] |
| Dana: increasing |
| Hamza: بڑھ رہی[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: بڑھ رہی [natural native speed] |
| Dana: Next we have.. |
| Hamza: غیر ضروری [natural native speed] |
| Dana: unnecessary |
| Hamza: غیر ضروری[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: غیر ضروری [natural native speed] |
| Dana: Next we have.. |
| Hamza: واقعی [natural native speed] |
| Dana: really |
| Hamza: واقعی[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: واقعی [natural native speed] |
| Dana: Next we have.. |
| Hamza: گزشتہ [natural native speed] |
| Dana: last, previous |
| Hamza: گزشتہ[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: گزشتہ [natural native speed] |
| Dana: Next we have.. |
| Hamza: سفر [natural native speed] |
| Dana: travel |
| Hamza: سفر[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: سفر [natural native speed] |
| Dana: Next we have.. |
| Hamza: خطره [natural native speed] |
| Dana: risk, danger |
| Hamza: خطره[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: خطره [natural native speed] |
| Dana: Next we have.. |
| Hamza: یقینی طور پر [natural native speed] |
| Dana: definitely |
| Hamza: یقینی طور پر[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: یقینی طور پر [natural native speed] |
| Dana: And last.. |
| Hamza: عارضی [natural native speed] |
| Dana: temporary |
| Hamza: عارضی[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: عارضی [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Dana: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Hamza: حال ہی میں |
| Dana: meaning "recently," or literally, "in the near past." |
| Hamza: It’s used to refer to something that took place recently. |
| Dana: So events that happened in the near past, such as last week or last month? |
| Hamza: Yes. Also in the last quarter or the last 6 months. |
| Dana: Can you give us an example using this word? |
| Hamza: Sure. For example, you can say.. میں حال ہی میں اسلام آباد گیا تها. |
| Dana: ..which means "I went to Islamabad recently." |
| Dana: Okay, what's the next word? |
| Hamza: بڑھ رہی |
| Dana: meaning "increasing" |
| Hamza: This phrase is feminine, and you can use it to indicate the increasing magnitude of things. |
| Dana: This can be used to refer to both positive and negative increments or good and bad things. |
| Hamza: The masculine form is بڑھ رہا (barh raha). |
| Dana: Can you give us an example using this word? |
| Hamza: Sure. For example, you can say.. بارش بڑھ رہی ہے. |
| Dana: .. which means "Rain is increasing." |
| Dana: Okay, what's the next phrase? |
| Hamza: برداشت کرنا |
| Dana: meaning "to tolerate" |
| Hamza: Normally, this phrase is used in informal settings when referring to negative activities, such as extreme situations and weather. |
| Dana: Can you give us an example using this word? |
| Hamza: Sure. For example, you can say.. اس طرح کے گرم موسم کو برداشت کرنا مشکل ہے. |
| Dana: .. which means "It is hard to tolerate such hot weather." |
| Dana: Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Dana: In this lesson, you'll learn about constructing complex sentences. How do we link verbs in Urdu sentences? |
| Hamza: It depends on the relation between the actions. For example, if we use the verb conjugation verb-root plus ker, this first verb is used to show cause, and then another action must follow. |
| Dana: Let’s work through an example. |
| Hamza: Okay. میں نے پرندے کو اڑتے دیکھا (Mei nay parinday ko urtay daikha.) |
| Dana: This means “I saw the bird fly.” |
| Hamza: Right. There are two verbs – “to see” and “to fly.” The original action is the bird flying, so the "to fly" is our causal verb. The 1st action that happens after the causal verb is "seeing the bird fly,” so the 1st action verb is "to see.” |
| Dana: How do we combine these two verbs? |
| Hamza: When there are only these 2 actions, the order will be causal verb, followed by the 1st verb. |
| Dana: Oh, so “to fly” will go before “to see?” |
| Hamza: Yes. “To fly” is اڑنا (urna), but it has to be conjugated to اڑتے (urtay). “To see” should be past tense, so that it becomes دیکا (daikha). And as it’s a past tense sentence, we need to use subject and object markers Mei nay and ko. |
| Dana: So the full sentence is again... |
| Hamza: میں نے پرندے کو اڑتے دیکھا (Mei nay parinday ko urtay daikha.) |
| Dana: Of course, this is all in the lesson notes too, so make sure to read them once the lesson is finished! |
| Hamza: Yes. Now shall we see some more actions? |
| Dana: I think we should! Let’s say we saw a bird in the sky, and it was a very rare bird. “On seeing the bird fly, I took a photo.” How do we make a sentence like that: where we did an action—in this case, taking a photo—because we saw something? |
| Hamza: We already have the first half of the sentence, میں نے پرندے کو اڑتے دیکھا (Mei nay parinday ko urtay daikha.) |
| Dana: “I saw the bird fly.” |
| Hamza: So let’s look at the second part, “on seeing, I took a photo.” We need to link the transitive verbs “to see” and “to take a photo.” |
| Dana: How do we do that? |
| Hamza: We conjugate “to see” into the form for joining verbs, so it becomes دیکھ کر (dekhker). |
| Dana: And how do we say “took a photo?” |
| Hamza: For photography, “to take” is khainchna. This needs to be conjugated to the past tense, so it's کهینچا (khaincha). |
| Dana: So how about the second half? |
| Hamza: دیکھ کر، فوٹو کهینچی (Daikh ker, photo khainchi) |
| Dana: Now the important part, putting it all together. |
| Hamza: میں نے پرندے کو اڑتے دیکھ کر، فوٹو کهینچی (Mei nay parinday ko urtay daikh ker, photo khainchi). |
| Dana: "On seeing the bird fly, I took a photo." |
Outro |
| Dana: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Hamza: پهر ملیں گے! (Phir milenge!) |
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