Learn more about the past tense
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Dana: Hi everyone, and welcome back to UrduPod101.com. This is Intermediate Season 1 Lesson 25 - Recovering From Old Wounds in Pakistan. Dana Here. |
| Hamza: السلام علیکم (Assalam u alaikum). I'm Hamza. |
| Dana: In this lesson, you’ll learn more about the past tense. The conversation takes place over the phone. |
| Hamza: It's between Shazia and Sara. |
| Dana: The speakers are friends; therefore, they will speak informal Urdu. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| شازیہ: ہیلو ساره؟ ہیلو میں شازیہ بات کر رہی ہوں. میں نے آپ کے حادثے کے بارے میں سنا. یہ کیسے ہوا؟ |
| سارہ: ہاں یہ اصل میں میری غلطی ہے. اگر میں زیادہ احطیاط کرتی تو پرانے زخم پر چوٹ نہ لگتی. |
| شازیہ: آپ نے وہی ہڈی توڑ لی؟ |
| سارہ: جی ہاں یہ ایک بہت پرانی چوٹ ہے، تو میں نے سوچا یہ ٹهیک ہو گئی ہے. اور اس کے بعد سے میں نے بہت سی جسمانی طور پر سخت سرگرمیاں کی ہیں. لیکن میرا خیال ہے آپ کو پچھلے ہڈی فریکچر کو نظرانداز نہیں کرنا چاہئے . |
| شازیہ: مجھے یقین ہے آپ نے احتیاط برتی ہو گی ؟ |
| سارہ: نہیں، یہ سب سے بڑا افسوس ہے، اگر میں حفاظتی پٹی یاکچھ اور اپنی ٹانگ پر لگا لیتی تو ہو سکتا ہے کہ اس طرح کی سنگین چوٹ سے بچا جا سکتا تها. اب مجهے اسے برداشت کرنا پڑے گا. |
| شازیہ: ویسے بھی اپنے آپ پر غصہ نہ ہوں. صرف بہالی پر توجہ دیں. اور پھر آپ جلد ہی دوبارہ چلنا اور چھلانگ لگانا شروع کر دیں گی. |
| سارہ: جی ہاں میں دوبارہ یہ غلطی نہیں کروں گی. |
| شازیہ: آپ کو کسی بھی چیز کی ضرورت ہو تو بلا تکلف مجھ سے کہیں. میں ضرور آپ سے ملنے آئوں گی. |
| سارہ: آپ کا شکریہ. میں ابهی اچھی ہوں. |
| Dana: Listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| Shazia: Hello, Sara? Hi, this is Shazia calling. I heard about your accident. How did it happen? |
| Sara: Yes, it is my fault actually. Had I been more careful I would not have hurt myself on an old injury. |
| Shazia: Did you break the same bone? |
| Sara: Yes, it is a very old injury, so I thought it had repaired. And since then I have done many physically strenuous activities too. So I guess you shouldn't disregard a previous bone fracture. |
| Shazia: I'm sure you must have taken precautions, right? |
| Sara: No, that is the biggest regret. Had I put on a protective bandage on my leg or something then maybe such a serious injury could have been avoided. I have to bear it now. |
| Shazia: Anyway don't be too hard on yourself now. Just focus on getting better. And then you'll be running and jumping again soon. |
| Sara: Yes, I won't make this mistake again. |
| Shazia: If you need anything feel free to ask me. I will definitely go over to meet with you. |
| Sara: Thank you. I'm good for now. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Dana: I hope Sara’s leg heals up quickly. It’s a shame that she brought it on herself. |
| Hamza: Yeah, but that’s pretty common in Pakistan. |
| Dana: What do you mean? |
| Hamza: People in Pakistan aren’t very health conscious, and many injuries are due to carelessness. |
| Dana: Do many injuries occur on the job? |
| Hamza: Yes, workplaces in Pakistan aren’t very safety conscious. |
| Dana: Do people go to the doctors if they have injuries or illnesses? |
| Hamza: Not for acute illnesses, people just medicate themselves. If they’re physical injuries, people don’t fully wait for them to heal before going back to work. |
| Dana: And that obviously makes things worse. Are annual checkups a thing in Pakistan? |
| Hamza: No, they aren’t. Medical treatment is expensive. |
| Dana: Does the government support medical treatment? |
| Hamza: No, it doesn’t. There are some charity hospitals that offer treatment for free, though. |
| Dana: Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Dana: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Hamza: اصل میں [natural native speed] |
| Dana: actually |
| Hamza: اصل میں [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: اصل میں [natural native speed] |
| Dana: Next we have.. |
| Hamza: ہڈی [natural native speed] |
| Dana: bone |
| Hamza: ہڈی [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: ہڈی [natural native speed] |
| Dana: Next we have.. |
| Hamza: جسمانی [natural native speed] |
| Dana: physical |
| Hamza: جسمانی [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: جسمانی [natural native speed] |
| Dana: Next we have.. |
| Hamza: سرگرمیاں [natural native speed] |
| Dana: activities |
| Hamza: سرگرمیاں [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: سرگرمیاں [natural native speed] |
| Dana: Next we have.. |
| Hamza: احتیاط [natural native speed] |
| Dana: precaution |
| Hamza: احتیاط [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: احتیاط [natural native speed] |
| Dana: Next we have.. |
| Hamza: نظرانداز کرنا [natural native speed] |
| Dana: to disregard |
| Hamza: نظرانداز کرنا [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: نظرانداز کرنا [natural native speed] |
| Dana: Next we have.. |
| Hamza: حفاظتی پٹی [natural native speed] |
| Dana: protection bandage |
| Hamza: حفاظتی پٹی [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: حفاظتی پٹی [natural native speed] |
| Dana: Next we have.. |
| Hamza: بہالی [natural native speed] |
| Dana: betterment |
| Hamza: بہالی [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: بہالی [natural native speed] |
| Dana: Next we have.. |
| Hamza: سنگین [natural native speed] |
| Dana: serious |
| Hamza: سنگین [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: سنگین [natural native speed] |
| Dana: And last.. |
| Hamza: برداشت کرنا [natural native speed] |
| Dana: to bear |
| Hamza: برداشت کرنا [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: برداشت کرنا [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Dana: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Hamza: نظرانداز کرنا |
| Dana: Meaning "to disregard." |
| Dana: There are two parts to this phrase. The first part means “regard.” |
| Hamza: This is نظرانداز. The second part is کرنا. |
| Dana: This means “to do.” |
| Hamza: You use this to talk about something that is being ignored intentionally. |
| Dana: You can use this to point out the negative behavior of someone. |
| Hamza: But, it isn’t an offensive phrase. You can use it for formal situations. |
| Dana: Can you give us an example using this phrase? |
| Hamza: Sure. For example, you can say.. اپنے والد کا مشورہ نظرانداز نہ کریں. |
| Dana: ..which means “Don't disregard your father's advice.” |
| Dana: Okay, what's the next word? |
| Hamza: یہ کیسے ہوا |
| Dana: Meaning "how did it happen." |
| Dana: This has three words. The first word is “this.” |
| Hamza: This is یہ. Next is کیسے, meaning “how.” The final word is ہوا. |
| Dana: Which means “it happens.” |
| Hamza: You can use this to ask how something happened. |
| Dana: It’s typically used to ask about negative things. |
| Hamza: You can also use it for positive things that happen unexpectedly. |
| Dana: Can you give us an example using this phrase? |
| Hamza: Sure. For example, you can say.. یہ حادثہ کیسے ہوا؟ |
| Dana: .. which means “How did this accident happen?” |
| Dana: Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Dana: In this lesson, you'll learn more about the past tense. We can use past tense verbs as adjectives. |
| Hamza: Yes, when the infinitive ہونا, meaning “to be,” is used with a verb to describe a way of being, the verb turns into an adjective form in a special verb tense. |
| Dana: What forms does “to be” take in this tense? |
| Hamza: ہوا, ہوئی, ہوئے |
| Dana: Verbs that combine with this also have to do so in the special verb tense. |
| Hamza: This tense is the same as the past tense with “to be.” For example ٹوٹے ہوئے |
| Dana: This means “broken” in plural. Let’s hear some sentence examples. |
| Hamza: کٹی ہوئی مرچوں کو کهانے میں شامل کریں |
| Dana: “Add the chopped chilies to the food.” |
| Hamza: دھلے ہوئے کپڑوں کو وہاں رکھیے |
| Dana: “Please place the washed clothes there.” |
| Hamza: The verb that precedes the "to be" verb in this form has to be in the past tense. |
| Dana: Let’s hear some sentence examples with transitive verbs, first. |
| Hamza: یہ اچار گھر پر بنایا ہوا ہے |
| Dana: "These pickles are homemade." |
| Hamza: یہ ساری فلمیں دیکهی ہوئی ہیں |
| Dana: "These movies have all been watched." And now with intransitive verbs. |
| Hamza: یہ تمام گرے ہوئے پتے ہیں |
| Dana: "These are all fallen leaves." |
| Hamza: تمام بڑهی ہوئی جھاڑیوں کو تراشنے کی ضرورت ہے |
| Dana: "All the overgrown bushes there have to be pruned." |
| Hamza: Although the pattern is the same as the regular past tense hua, the usage is different. |
| Dana: Let’s look at how it’s different. First, here is a sentence using the transitive verb “to decorate.” |
| Hamza: سجانا |
| Dana: In the normal past tense. |
| Hamza: ہم نے درخت کو سجایا |
| Dana: “We decorated the tree.” Now, here’s a sentence using the “to be” verb. |
| Hamza: Yes, this has ہونا in its regular conjugation. ہم نے درخت کو سجایا تها |
| Dana: “We had decorated the tree.” We can also make it an adjective. |
| Hamza: We use ہوا. یہ سجایا ہوا درخت ہے |
| Dana: “It is a decorated tree.” |
Outro |
| Dana: Okay, that’s all for this lesson, and this series. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you in another series! Bye! |
| Hamza: !پهر ملیں گے (Phir milenge!) |
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