Learn how to talk about obligations
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Dana: Hi everyone, and welcome back to UrduPod101.com This is Intermediate Season 1 Lesson 13 - Homecooked Pakistani Meals Are the Best! Dana Here. |
| Hamza: السلام علیکم (Assalam u alaikum) I'm Hamza. |
| Dana: In this lesson, you’ll learn how to talk about obligations and the use of “have to do.” The conversation takes place in a garden. |
| Hamza: It's between Ali and Ameena. |
| Dana: The speakers are acquaintances; therefore, they will speak formal Urdu. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| علی: شام بخیر! آپ کیسی ہیں؟ |
| امینہ: میں بالکل ٹھیک ہوں. آپ کیسے ہیں، گھر میں سب کیسے ہیں؟ |
| علی: ہم سب اچھے ہیں. آپ کہیں گئی ہوئی تهیں؟ میں آپ کو دیر کے بعد دیکھ رہا ہوں. |
| امینہ: جی ہاں، میں خاندان کے ساتھ وقت گزارنے کے لئے گھر واپس چلے گئی تھی. میری والدہ کہتی رہی ہیں کہ میں گھر کبھی نہیں آتی، تو اس مرتبہ میں نے چکر لگایا. |
| علی: یہ اچھی بات ہے. آپ کو گھر کا کھانا کھلایا گیا ہے، لہذا اب آپ دوبارہ پوری توانائی کے ساتھ کام کرنے کے قابل ہو جائیں گی. |
| امینہ: جی ہاں ... آپ ہر روز شام کو یہاں آتے ہیں؟ |
| علی: نہیں، کبهی کبهار جب مجھے وقت ملتا ہے . مجھے شام کو بازار جانا ہوتا ہے، کهانا تیار کرنا ہوتا ہے. اگر مجھے وقت ملتا ہے تو میں ٹہلنے کے لئے یہاں آتا ہوں. |
| امینہ: جی، شام میں ماحول بہت اچھا ہوتا ہے. |
| علی: بالکل، یہاں آنا اور تھوڑی دیر بیٹھنا مجھے واقعی پرسکون کر دیتا ہے. |
| امینہ: یہ سچ ہے. بیٹھیں اور آرام کریں، میں اب دوڑنے کے لیے جائوں گی. |
| Dana: Listen to the conversation with the English translation |
| Ali: Good evening! How are you? |
| Ameena: I’m all right. How are you? How’s everyone at home? |
| Ali: We’re all good. Were you away somewhere? I’m seeing you after a while. |
| Ameena: Yes, I had gone back home to spend time with family. My mother keeps saying that I never come home, so this time I made a trip. |
| Ali: That's good. You've been fed homemade food, so now you'll be able to work with full energy again. |
| Ameena: Yes... Do you come here in the evening every day? |
| Ali: No, just once in awhile when I get time. I have to go to the market in the evening, prepare food. If I get time, then I come here to stroll. |
| Ameena: Yes, the atmosphere in the evening is very nice. |
| Ali: Exactly, it really calms me down to come out here and sit for a bit. |
| Ameena: True. Please sit and relax, I'll just go for a run now. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Dana: Ali and Ameena mentioned home cooking, what is the Urdu phrase for “homemade food”? |
| Hamza: گھر کا کھانا |
| Dana: I like my home cooking, so I’m curious about home cooking in Pakistan... |
| Hamza: Homemade food in Pakistan is very common to eat. Mothers usually cook food for the family. |
| Dana: So people don’t eat out? |
| Hamza: Sometimes, but we usually prefer homemade food, since it’s healthier and tastier. |
| Dana: What about people working far from home? |
| Hamza: Working people usually take a lunch box with them to their workplace. And in the evening the whole family eats dinner together. |
| Dana: What is a typical home cooked menu made of? |
| Hamza: People cook different dishes based on their income. Most of the families in villages have simple and pure food. In the cities, people like to have different items. |
| Dana: Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Dana: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Hamza: کبهی کبهار [natural native speed] |
| Dana: once in a while |
| Hamza: کبهی کبهار[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: کبهی کبهار [natural native speed] |
| Dana: Next we have.. |
| Hamza: بیٹھنا [natural native speed] |
| Dana: to sit |
| Hamza: بیٹھنا[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: بیٹھنا [natural native speed] |
| Dana: Next we have.. |
| Hamza: دیر کے بعد [natural native speed] |
| Dana: after a while |
| Hamza: دیر کے بعد[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: دیر کے بعد [natural native speed] |
| Dana: Next we have.. |
| Hamza: خاندان [natural native speed] |
| Dana: family |
| Hamza: خاندان[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: خاندان [natural native speed] |
| Dana: Next we have.. |
| Hamza: توانائی [natural native speed] |
| Dana: energy |
| Hamza: توانائی[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: توانائی [natural native speed] |
| Dana: Next we have.. |
| Hamza: بازار [natural native speed] |
| Dana: market |
| Hamza: بازار[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: بازار [natural native speed] |
| Dana: Next we have.. |
| Hamza: ٹہلنا [natural native speed] |
| Dana: to stroll |
| Hamza: ٹہلنا[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: ٹہلنا [natural native speed] |
| Dana: Next we have.. |
| Hamza: پرسکون [natural native speed] |
| Dana: calm |
| Hamza: پرسکون[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: پرسکون [natural native speed] |
| Dana: Next we have.. |
| Hamza: ماحول [natural native speed] |
| Dana: atmosphere |
| Hamza: ماحول[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: ماحول [natural native speed] |
| Dana: And last.. |
| Hamza: آرام کرنا [natural native speed] |
| Dana: to relax |
| Hamza: آرام کرنا[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: آرام کرنا [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Dana: Let's have a closer look at some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first phrase is.. |
| Hamza: کبهی کبهار |
| Dana: meaning "once in a while." This phrase is used to indicate the low frequency of an event or activity. |
| Hamza: It’s used when you want to describe something you don't often do. Here is an example ہم کبھی کبهار چینی کھانا کھاتے ہیں. |
| Dana: ..which means "We eat Chinese food once in a while." |
| Dana: Okay, what's the next phrase? |
| Hamza: وقت گزارنا |
| Dana: meaning "to spend time." |
| Hamza: This phrase is composed of two words; وقت (waqt) meaning "time," and گزارنا (guzarna) meaning "to spend." |
| Dana: This phrase is used when you want to describe the time you spent with someone or on something. Hamza, can you give us an example using this phrase? |
| Hamza: Sure. For example, you can say.. میں رشتہ داروں کے ساتھ وقت گزارنے کے لئے اپنے گاؤں گیا. |
| Dana: .. which means "I went to my village to spend time with relatives." |
| Hamza: If you ask someone where they spent their time, the phrase is modified to کہاں وقت گزارا |
| Dana: which means "where did you spend time?" |
| Hamza: or کس کے ساتھ وقت گزارا |
| Dana: meaning "with whom did you spend time?" Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Dana: In this lesson, you'll learn how to talk about obligations and the use of “have to do.” In the dialogue, Ameena talked about going home to see her parents. That’s an obligation that I think many people have. |
| Hamza: Right. And we’re going to talk about obligations in this lesson. |
| Dana: How do we talk about obligations in Urdu? |
| Hamza: There are 3 ways of talking about things you have to do, but they all have nuances. The first is using کرنا ہے (kerna hai), which is “must do, have to do,” as in “I have to do this,” and is used for single action obligations in the present tense that we haven’t done yet. |
| Dana: Can you give us an example using this? |
| Hamza: Sure! مجهے سب کے آنے سے پہلے صفائی کرنی ہے |
| Dana: "I have to clean before everyone arrives." |
| Hamza: The second way is using کرنا پڑتا ہے (kerna perta hai). |
| Dana: This also means “have to do.” |
| Hamza: Yes, but like in “These are things you have to do.” This is the continuous tense, so it talks about ongoing tasks, but you need to look at the rest of the sentence to know when or how often. |
| Dana: Hamza, can you use this to say, “You have to work hard to get to your destination”? |
| Hamza: Yes, that is اپنی منزل حاصل کرنے کے لئے سخت محنت کرنا پڑتی ہے |
| Dana: Ok, what is the third way to talk about obligations in Urdu? |
| Hamza: The third way is using کرنا ہوتا ہے (kerna hota hai). This also means “have to do.” |
| Dana: This is in the continuous tense as well, so it is used for tasks or actions you have to do on a regular basis. |
| Hamza: Right, so it means “have to do,” like in “I have to do this on Mondays.” |
| Dana: How about translating “I usually have to go to the market on Mondays”? |
| Hamza: مجهے ہر سوموار کو بازار جانا ہوتا ہے |
| Dana: Okay. How do we make sentences using this last form? |
| Hamza: We go into this in more detail in the lesson notes, so please check that out, but you can start with the time or day, followed by the particle کو (ko) or میں (mein), then action and the infinitive form, followed by ہوتا ہے (hota hai). You can add words in as necessary. |
| Dana: Can you give us an example? |
| Hamza: مجهے صبح میں پودوں کو پانی دینا ہوتا ہے |
| Dana: "I have to water the plants in the morning." |
| Hamza: However, if you want to express that it’s because of an external compulsion, there’s a better way to say that. |
| Dana: How? |
| Hamza: By using پڑتا ہے/ پڑتی ہے (perta hai / perti hai), which we discussed earlier. |
| Dana: So by external compulsion, you mean a situation such as taking medicine daily because your doctor has told you to? |
| Hamza: Yes, exactly. You can say مجهے ہر روز دوا لینی پڑتی ہے |
| Dana: which means "I have to take medicine every day." |
| Hamza: Here the “have to” is because someone is making you do it, so we use پڑتی ہے (perti hai). |
| Dana: This emphasizes the “have to” part, and shows that it is a compulsion, not a choice. |
| Hamza: That’s right. Also, this focuses on what tasks you have to do daily rather than why you have to do them. |
| Dana: Let’s hear one more example. |
| Hamza: اتوار کے روز مجهے رقص سیکهنے جانا ہوتا ہے |
| Dana: which means "On Sundays I have to go to dance lessons." |
Outro |
| Dana: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Hamza: !پهر ملیں گے (Phir milenge!) |
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